Gas-engine.



PATENTED NOV. 19. 1907.

P. R. BISSBLL.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED rm. 20, 1906.

6Q 6 SHEETSSHBBT 2.

MKR Q$WN Wzivsaayx @M M No. 871,319. PATENTBD NOV. 19, 1907.

' P. R. BISSELL.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED n13.20. 190s.

jQZ/J.

5 SHBETS-SHEBT 3.

Vl zi fmssas Irm /7%".- I W I PATENTET) NOV. 19, 1907.

P. R. BISSELL.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5 M w Q J R 4 7 v ,Mh 1 1|? 1 tr I1 I I 5 1 Q M Q 1' k L1 Q y? w? .Q

, rections."

PERCY R. BISSELL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

GAS-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 19, 1907.

Application filed February 20. 1906- Serial No- 301.990-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PERCY R. BISSELL, a citizen of the United States,residing in New York city, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, have invented certain plosion for each revolution of the crankshaft or one com lete reciprocation of the piston in the cylin er.

Olne object of the invention isto provide an improved form of engineinwhich there is absolutely no movable valve device, but the' admissionand exhaust ports are opened and closed by means of registering portionsof the piston and cylinder walls or extensions rigidly connected withsaid two members.

Another object of the invention is to provide in such a valvelessstructure, an organi zation whereby the explosive mixture will beadmitted to the cylinder chamber at one end thereof and exploded orexhausted at the opposite end thereof.

A further object is to provide in the lat ter structure, means fordrawing in the explosive gas, thereupon compressing such gas, anddelivering -the compressed explosive gas to the said end of the cylinderopposite the exhaust end thereof; whereby the expioded charge inthecylinder from the previous active stroke will be thoroughly expelledand displaced by afresh mixture.

Another object of this invention is to pro wide in a two cycle engine ofthe valve ss type, means for admitting to the cylinder proper at the endof the active stroke, a-

fresh charge of greater volume than the then available area of thecylinder and also under pressure whereby to effectually displace theexploded charge by an explosive mixture under compression.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved means for varyingthe timing or area of the so-called valveless ports.

'Another object of the invention is to provide in a gas engine-of thecharacter above set forth an organization *of two pistons in onecylinder connected with a single crank shaft and operating reactively inopposite di- With these objects in view and others as will hereinafterappear, my invention comprehends the construction and con1- binations ofparts substantially as hereinafter set forth. r

In the drawings representing forms of gas engines embodying theprinciples of the present invention, F i ure 1 represents a verticalsection of a comp ete engine showing thepiston in the lowermostposition. Figs. 2, '3 and 4 are fragmentary views similar to FigQl butshowing the piston in different successive positions, Fig. 2 showing thepiston in the uppermost position, Fig. 3 showing the piston inalsomewhat lower position and Fig. 4 showing the piston in a positionintermediate of Figs. 1 and 3. Fig. 5 shows a modification in which aremovable sleeve is attached ,for varying the admission timing to thecompression chamber. Fig. 6 showslthe attachment of an adjustable sleevefor the purpose of varying the admission of the compressed charge intothe, main cylinder, which adjustment can be effected from the outside ofthe engine and during the operation thereof. F igq? shows amodified'form of the admission portion of the cylinder in which themixture or gas is admitted on the opposite side of the piston from itsworking side instead of at the other end and passing through the piston.Fig. 8 is another modification similar to Fig. 7 but having an admissionport in the crank casing which is closed this figure also showing thecylinder extension provided with internal ribs providing greater surfacefor imparting heat to the mixture that is being compressed; and Fig. 9is a transverse section through the piston extension on the line 99indicated in Fig. 8. Fig. 10 shows a modlficatlon employing twoconnected pistons in one cylinder.

In the structures of Figs. 1 to 4, the engine comprises a main cylinder10 having a crank case 9 that is connectedtherewith and which is closedagainst escape of the gas. In the cylinder 10 operates the main piston11 which is shown as. cylindrical and is of the trunk type and connectedwith a crank 12 on a shaft 13 by a connecting rod 14 by .mean aof awrist-pin 15, in the usual manner. The hollow piston 11 has acylindrical extension '16 connected with its head 17 which head is thusannular or of the differential type. The piston extension 16 extendsthroughout the lengthof the cylinder 10 and projects into the bore of areduced extension 18 of the'cylinder 10,- the extensionvlo fittingsnugly into this cylinder extension, thereby forming a differentialpiston'working in an annular chamber in\th'e cylinder, the effectiveportion of the'piston 11 being the annular portion 17. Extension 18 ofthe cylinder terminates in a head 19 into which leads the admission pipe20 from the gas supply or mixture. j y

The exhaust from the main cylinder portion. 11 is through an exit pipe21' and chamher 8 having one or more ports 22 leading into the cylinder.These ports 22are un covered when the main piston 11 is in its lowermostposition as shown in Fig. 1, but

--ders when the piston rises to the position shown in 4, theseexhaustports are closed and remain closed as the piston travels upward,as shown in 3 and 2. v

The piston extension 16 has its upper end 2 closed, ibutiis providedwith one or more side ports 24, "that'when the piston is in theuppermost position as shown in Fig. 2 will admit the gas from the inletpipe 20 into the hohow piston, and therefore into the crank chamberspace below the hollow piston. As the piston descends from the positionshown in Fig. to that ofFig. 3 it will be seen that the piston admissionports .24 are automatically closed by means of the walls of the cylinderextension 18. WVhen the piston descends to the position of Fig. 1, -itwill be observed that the ports 24 therein are open to the annularcylindrical space which is denoted by '25. ,Any desired means may be-mployed for exploding the charge or mixture in this 'a'nmllar space 25at the proper period, a spark plug 26 being indicated whose circuit isclosed at the proper time by any preferred .means, no-tshown'.

he operation of the parts described is as followsz'Supposing the engineto be standing idle without any. gas'mixture therein, the crank shaftisoperated to start. the engine. Beginning with the position of Fig. 2,with the piston uppermost, the downward stroke of the iston from theposition of Fig. 2 to that 'of h i g. 4, will compress the atmosphericair, contained in the hollow piston and in the crankcase; at the sametime whatever atmos here'or gas was in the cylinder space 25J-bGXPELIldGd and upon reaching. the position of F g. 1, the aircompressed in. the cylinder and crank case will now be' opened to thecylinder s ace 25 through ports 24 and-the latterwil beopened totheexhaust throu' h' the ports 22. The compressed air will 0 viousl-y findrelief through the cylindrive the contained gas whatever it may be aheadofit'out through the other end at 22; thus performing a scavenging act.Upon cs 25 and entering it atone end will v the return upward stroke ofthe piston, the

ports 22 and24 will very soon be covered as indicated Fig. 4. This willcause'a corn-. pression in the cylinder space 25; but will.

orts 24 areclosed and-no ad-' mission port is' now open. 'Butas soon asthe ports 24 pass upwardj from the-position of'Fig. 3 to open to theadmission pipe 20, the partial vacuum therein-jwillcause the'rexploslvemixture to be sucked in'through'the pipe 20 into the entire' space-ofthe hollow;

piston and the crank case. Then upon the return or downward stroke ofthepiston, the pistonports 24 will be at once closed by the adjacentwalls, thus causing a compression of the explosive gases in the crankcase and hollow piston. And when the piston reaches the lower ositionopening the ports 24, the compresses explosive mixture 1n the crank casewill have exit into the upper end of the cylinder chamber. 25, and willnaturally driv e out the gas or atmosphere in this s ace throiigli theports 2". at the other end 0 the cylinder space 25. In this way anexplosive charge is drawn into the cylinder proper.

'N ow upon the u ward stroke of the piston, the

port 22 is close and the explosivecharge retained in the cylinderchamber and compressed during the entire upward stroke of the pis-' ton.The ports 22 are closed by the cylinder extension preventing escape ofthe explosive mixture and at the same time causing a rarefication inthecrank case and hollow piston.

-When the piston reaches the limit of its upward stroke, the ports 24will uncover to theadmission pipe 20 and draw into the crank case a newcharge of gas, And at this period,

the ignition device is caused to operate to crank case'and hollow pistonwill be again com ressed. At the end of this active stro e as shown inFigs. 4 and 1, the exhaust ports 22 will uncover permitting the explodedcharge to escape through the exhaustpipe 21. But vat this period, theports 24 w1ll be uncovered admitting the compressed charge in the crankcase and hollow cylinder into the piston chamber 25 at the end oppositeto the exhaust ports 22. The effect of this will be to drive out theexploded charge through the port 22 and to displace thesame by a freshmixture under compression in the crank case. The momentum of the flywheel and en ine arts from theactive downward stro e wil inthe usualmanner move the piston upward. As above. explained, this u ward stroke,closing the exhaust ort an admission port 24 will comress t e freshcharge in the cylinder chamher 25, and will draw in a fresh charge intothe crank case and hollow'piston. Atf-the as before will ignite thecompressed. charge that will d rive the piston downward repeating the oration. From this it will-be seen that at t e upward stroke of thepiston or at one half of each revolution of the crank "shaft,aifreshlcharge is compressed for ignior second half of the revolution,the coincharge is exploded causing the advancement of the p ston, and atthesame time the fresh charge is placed under compression. Furthermore,at the end 'ofthe active stroke the ex loded gasesare expelled from" eworklng chamber, and are replacedjbya fresh charge to compressed sion'16.;- the.

the upward stroke .In 1 5 1s shown a removable sleje a packing 28around-the piston exteneevebeingclampedby bolts 29,"v tapped into; theextension. This sleeve servejs' tonioreor less throttle the ports 24 infthefex "nsion and thus control the amount ofzigasesifadiihitted'according to its adjust me ts. .r

- Mea "sajeiprovided for throttling or adjusting the size of "theadmission passage of the; compressed charge into the cylinder 2,5, whichmeans is shown as adjust a ble from {the outside of the engine,

and-may even be adjusted duringthis operation.- Oneform of suchmeans isillustrated in Fig.6) comprising a sleeve 30 secured to -.the; rod '31passing through the end of the head ;19 and pivotally connected with alink 32 that is 'hinged' to'abracket 33 fast. on the lower positioncausing the ports 24 to be opened tothe working chamber 25, the. sleevewill project more or less over these ports and amount of'the throttlingof these "head-fiAnbolt 34 also fast on the bracket x "35, 35 serving toclamp the lin': in its positions. ia'djustably secured in. engagementWltll the passes throughthe link 32 and carriesjam The sleeve 30 isthereby "boreiofjthe pistonext'erision was shown in Fig. 6.. '.And whenthis. BXiLGIlSlOIl'lS in its thus restrict their opening in the mannershown. By adjusting the jam nuts 35, thesleeve 30 is raised or loweredto vary the orts 24 when in this position- But obvious y when .theextension moves upward to the-position of'Fig. 2, "the collar,30 in nowise interferes with the admission of the explosive gas into the pistonextension.

It-w'ill be observed in these several forms ,-of the invention that theexploded charge is 'drivenzout at. one extremity of the explosionchamber while the fresh charge of explosive mixture is admitted at theopposite end of such explosion chamber. And the explosive gases areadmitted to such end of the chamber under nressure'above atmospheric,

27 arrange the extension 1-8:ofthe-c inder; {that acts as argl'andorfollower to -compress which two conditions will result in a thoroughscaven ing or cleaning out of all traces of the explo ed gases, whichwill be replaced by afresh charge-of ex losive mixture. will befUItlJQIObSGIW-l that the volume of the space in the explosionchamberthat is traversed-by the'annular piston therein, is considerably lessthan the volume of the space traversed by the other portion of the istonincluding its .extension when performmg the bperatjionof compressing theexplo sive gas'tobeiintroduced into the explosion chamber'at thecompletion of the working cycle -on'stroke. As a resultof this latterpreponderance of effective areas, it is alwa s assured that the explodedgases will be endriven outof the explosive chamber atathejend oi thestroke 211K replaced by an explosive gas to be compressed on the returnor second stroke of the engine. Furthermore the structure herein setforth insures that the explosive gas or mixture will be drawn in throughthe admission port at every working strofae' into the proper chamber tobe compressed and then admitted into the explosion chamber under more orless pressure. What I claim is r 1. In an explosive engine, a cylinderhaving' a chambered extension, a ho'llow piston working in thecylinder-and provided with a chambered extension working in the cylinderextension, the piston extension having its free. end closed and beingprovided with a lateral port normally closed by the wall of the cvlinderextension, a side-port at the end oi the cylinder extension arranged toopen to the port in the piston extension at one end por tion of thepiston'stroke, said piston extension ports being arranged to open to theoil inder when the pistonis at the other end of its stroke, and a closedcrank case opening into the cylinder, the piston being open to saidextension providing a passage through the piston by'means of the ports111 such extension.

2. In an-explosion engine, a cylinder having a chambered extension atone end the said extension having an enlarged chamber at its free end,an admission port in said enlarged chamber, 'ahollow piston working inthe 'cylinder and provided with a closed chambered extension operatingin the said 0 linder extension, one or more side ports in the pistonextension normally closed by the walls of the cylinder extension, butarranged to open to the cylinder at one limit of the piston strokeand'to open to the said enarged cylinder extension chamber at the otherlimit of the piston stroke, and a'closed crankcase opening into thecylinder, the pie-v. 'ton being open tosaid extension providing apassage, through the piston' by means of the ports in such extension. L

3. In an explosion engine, a cylinder hav'- ing a chamberedextension,a'hollow piston workingin the'cylinderand provided with achambered'extensi'on working in the cylinder extension, the piston.extension having its free-end'closetl and'beingprovided with alateral-port normally closed by the wall of the cylinder extension, aside port "at the end of the cylinder extension arranged to open to theport in the piston extension atone end portion of the piston stroke,said piston extension ports being arrangedto open to the cylinder whenthe piston is at the other end of its stroke, a closed crank caseopening into the cylinder, thepiston being open to said the cylinder.

extension providing apassage through thepiston by means of the portsinsuch extension, the cylinder being provided with exhaust-portsnormallyv covered by the piston but uncovered at the end of its activestroke extension operating in'the said cylinder ex tension, one or moreside ports in the piston extension normally closed by the walls of thecylinder extension, but arranged to open to the cylinder at one limit ofthe piston stroke,

. and to open to the said enlarged cylinder @e'xtension chamber at theother limit of the piston stroke, the cylinder being provided withexhaust ports normally covered by the "piston but uncovered by thepiston at the end of its activestroke whenthe said exten-' sion portsare opened to the cylinder, and a closed crank case opening into thecylinder, the piston being open to. said extensionprovi-ding apassagethrough the piston by means.

of the ports in such extension.

. 5. In an explosive. engine, thefcombin'ation with a cylinder, a closedcrank ease opening tothe cylinder. at one end,-a reduced chamberedextension on the other end of the cylinder provided with an enlargedchamber at its outer. end, an admission port for-said latter enlargedchamber, a chambered piston working in the cylinder and provided with achambered extension working in saidcylin-' der extension, the piston.extension havingl its free'end closed and provided with one or morelateral ports adjacent said'end that are alternately'open' to thecylinder at one end ofthe' stroke and to thesaid enlarged chani ber atthe other end of the stroke, the cylinder being provided with exhaustports nor mallycovered by the piston but uncovered at the end of itsactive stroke when the said extension ports are opened tothe cylinder.6; In an explosive engine, a cylinder having a chambered extension, ahollow piston working in the cylinder and provided i a chamberedextension working in the-cylinder extension, the piston extension havingits" free .end' closed andbeing provided with a' lateral port normally.closed by" the wall-inf the ,cylinderextension, a port at the endof thecylinder extension arranged to open @fto the port in the pistonextension at one end portion ofthe. piston. stroke, said pistonextensionports' being arranged to open to the cylinder when the pistonis at the other limit of its stroke, saidfpiston extension having anaperture in its closed .end,'.a closed crank case, opening into thecylinder, the

mechanism on the'o'utside of the cylinder for locking saidrod inadjusted positions where-.. by said tubular member will more orlessregcylinder;

piston being open to. said-extension providing a passage'throughthepiston by means of the portsin such extension, an-alining.

aperture in the end of the cylinder extension; a rod proj ecting intothe cylinder and piston through said 'apertures, an open tubularmembersecured to the-lower end of said rod,

ister with t-he lateral ports in the piston extens'ion when the latterareopen to the 7;. In an explosive-engine, a cylinder having a chamberedextension at 'one-'end,; the said extension having an. enlarged chamberat its free end, an admission port. in said onlarged chamber, apiston'working in the 'cy inderan ld provided-with a closed chambered.

.exteiision operating in. the said cylinder extension, one ormore sideports inthe piston extension normally closed by the walls of thecylinder extension, but arrangedto open to the cylinder atone iii-nit ofthe-piston. stroke,-

and to open to the said enlarged cylinder-ex-' tension chamber at .theother: limit of the piston stroke, the cylinder being provided withexhaust ports normally covered'by the piston but; uncovered by thepiston at the end of its active strokewhen the said .extension ports areopened to thecylinder, -a

closed crank case opening into the cylinder,- the piston being opentosaid extension providing a passage through. the piston by means of theports in "such extension, .said piston extension having an apertureinijits closed end, an alining" aperture in the end of the cylinderextension, a 'rod projectinginto the cylinder and piston through saidapertures,-an open tubular member'se'cured to thelower rod in adjustedpositions whereby said tubular member will more or less register -York,Y.,' this with the lateral ports in the piston extension when the latterare open to thecylinden;

Signed at Nos. 9 to 15 Murray St.,-.,-l; I e.w

17 day-of February, 1906.

. PERCY n, BISSELL,

WitnesS'esI'. F. E. Boron,

WILLXAMH. Ra n." L k

